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SM ''UB-45'' was a Type UB II submarine or U-boat built for and operated by the German Imperial Navy ((ドイツ語:Kaiserliche Marine)) during World War I. ''UB-45'' operated in the Mediterranean and the Black Seas, and was sunk by a mine in November 1916. ''UB-45'' was ordered in July 1915 and was laid down at the AG Weser shipyard in Bremen in September. ''UB-45'' was about in length and displaced between , depending on whether surfaced or submerged. She was equipped to carry a complement of four torpedoes for her two bow torpedo tubes and had an deck gun. As part of a group of six submarines selected for Mediterranean service, ''UB-45'' was broken into railcar-sized components and shipped to Pola where she was assembled and then launched and commissioned in May 1916. In five patrols in her six-month career, ''UB-45'' sank four ships of . In early November 1916, ''UB-45'' was departing from the base at Varna, Bulgaria, when the U-boat struck a mine and sank rapidly. Fifteen of the twenty men on board were killed in the attack; one of the five crewmen rescued from ''UB-45'' later died from his injuries. ''UB-45''s wreck was located and raised by the Bulgarian Navy in the 1930s with an eye toward rebuilding the submarine. Engineers from AG Weser determined that restoration of the submarine was feasible, but this was never accomplished. Remains recovered from the wreck were buried in Varna after a funeral procession through town in November 1938. == Design and construction == The German UB II design improved upon the design of the UB I boats, which had been ordered in September 1914.〔Gardiner, p. 174.〕 In service, the UB I boats were found to be too small and too slow. A major problem was that, because they had a single propeller shaft/engine combo, if either component failed, the U-boat became almost totally disabled.〔Miller, p. 48.〕 To rectify this flaw, the UB II boats featured twin propeller shafts and twin engines (one shaft for each engine), which also increased the U-boat's top speed.〔Williamson, p. 13.〕 The new design also included more powerful batteries,〔 larger torpedo tubes, and a deck gun.〔Tarrant, p. 172.〕 As a UB II boat, ''U-45'' could also carry twice the torpedo load of her UB I counterparts, and nearly ten times as much fuel.〔 To contain all of these changes the hull was larger,〔 and the surface and submerged displacement was more than double that of the UB I boats.〔 The German Imperial Navy ordered ''UB-45'' from AG Weser on 31 July 1915 as one of a series of six UB II boats (numbered from to ).〔 ''UB-45'' was long and abeam. She had a single hull with saddle tanks and had a draft of when surfaced.〔 She displaced while submerged but only on the surface.〔 The submarine was equipped with twin diesel engines and twin electric motors—for surfaced and submerged running, respectively. ''UB-45'' had a surface speed of up to and could go as fast as while underwater.〔 The U-boat could carry up to of diesel fuel, giving her a range of 6,940 nautical miles at 5 knots〔 (12,850 km at 9.3 km/h). Her electric motors and batteries provided a range of 45 nautical miles at 4 knots〔 (83 km at 7.4 km/h) while submerged. ''UB-45'' was equipped with two bow torpedo tubes and could carry four torpedoes. The U-boat was also armed with an 8.8 cm KL/40 (3.5 in) deck gun. ''UB-45'' was laid down by AG Weser at its Bremen shipyard on 3 September 1915.〔 As one of six U-boats selected for service in the Mediterranean while under construction, ''UB-45'' was broken into railcar-sized components and shipped overland to the Austro-Hungarian port of Pola.〔Halpern, p. 383.〕〔Miller, p. 49.〕 Shipyard workers from Weser assembled the boat and her five sisters at Pola,〔 where she was launched on 12 May 1916.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SM UB-45」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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